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First Zionist Congress held in Basel Switzerland. Lead by Theodr Hrzl, founder of the modern Zionist movement. The Basel program declared “Zionism aims at establishing for the Jewish people a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine.” […]
Click to Read from 1897: First Zionist Congress
The Jewish National Fund was the principal zionist tool for the colonialism of Palestine. Jews started buying Arab land and evicting the Palestinian tenant farmers. Much of the land was held by the JNF as ‘custodian’ on behalf of the Jewish people. The land was then used to settle Jewish immigrants. By 1948, the JNF owned […]
Click to Read from 1901: Jewish National Fund starts buying land
World War One begins between the Central Powers of Germany and Austria/Hungary, and the Allies – France, Russia, Great Britain, Serbia, and Belgium. […]
The Ottoman Empire entered World War I on October 29, 1914. This followed a series of events including a secret alliance with Germany and the naval bombardment of Russian ports in the Black Sea by Ottoman warships, which was a decisive act leading to the Ottoman Empire’s full entry into the war on the side […]
Click to Read from 1914: Ottoman empire enters WWI
The Hussein-McMahon Correspondence took place between July 1915 and March 1916, between Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, and Sir Henry McMahon, the British High Commissioner in Egypt. The correspondence centered on the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire and British support for it, with discussions about the post-war recognition and independence of an […]
The Sykes–Picot Agreement was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire. France and British representative signed the agreement a year after the Hussein-McMahon […]
On the basis of the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence, exchanged between Henry McMahon of the United Kingdom and Hussein bin Ali of the Kingdom of Hejaz, the rebellion against the ruling Turks was officially initiated at Mecca on 10 June 1916. The primary goal of the Arabs was to establish an independent and unified Arab state stretching […]
The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British Government in 1917 during the First World War announcing its support for the establishment of a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a small minority Jewish population. The statement came in the form of a letter from […]
Ottoman Empire signed the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on October 30, 1918, which ended its hostilities in the war. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire was a gradual process, but the armistice marked the Empire’s official exit from World War I and set the stage for its eventual dissolution in the following years. […]
The partition of the Ottoman Empire (30 October 1918 – 1 November 1922) was a geopolitical event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Istanbul by British, French, and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was planned in several agreements made by the Allied Powers early in the course of World […]
The Paris Peace Conference was a set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings in 1919 and 1920 after the end of World War I, in which the victorious Allies set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. Dominated by the leaders of Britain, France, the United States and Italy, the talks resulted in five […]
The League of Nations officially came into existence on 10 January 1920. On 15 November 1920, 41 members states gathered in Geneva for the opening of the first session of the Assembly. This represented a large portion of existing states and corresponded to more than 70% of the world’s population. The League of Nations was the […]
The 1929 Palestine riots, Buraq Uprising (Arabic: ثورة البراق, Thawrat al-Burāq), was a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 in which a longstanding dispute between Muslims and Jews over access to the Western Wall in Jerusalem escalated into violence. On August 15, 1929, group of 300 Revisionist Zionist youth, who were militant […]
Click to Read from 1929: Arab Revolt
On April 21 1936, Arab workers and local committees organized a strike of all Arabs engaged in labour, transport and shopkeeping in Palestine. This was a spontaneous popular resistance. Religious leaders, influential families and political leaders became involved to help with co-ordination, leading to the formation on 25 April 1936 of the Arab Higher Committee, […]
The Peel Commission, formally known as the Palestine Royal Commission, was established in 1937 to investigate the causes of the Arab unrest and general strike of 1936. Their official finding, issued on July 7, 1937, was that the League of Nations Mandate had become unworkable, and recommended partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. […]
Click to Read from 1937 – Peel Commission Recommends Partition