1967 – Six Day War

War

The 1967 Six-Day War, a pivotal event in Middle Eastern history, began on June 5, 1967, when Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egypt. This action marked Israel’s assertive entry into the conflict, driven by mounting tensions and threats from surrounding Arab nations, particularly Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. Israel’s government, perceiving a looming threat from these neighboring states, decided to strike first. Their air force swiftly targeted Egyptian airfields, achieving significant success in neutralizing Egypt’s aerial capabilities, which played a crucial role in setting the tone for the conflict.

Following the initial attack on Egypt, Israel turned its attention to other fronts. Jordan, having signed a defense pact with Egypt, became involved when it launched attacks on West Jerusalem and Netanya. In response, Israel opened a second front against Jordan, leading to intense fighting, particularly in Jerusalem. The Israeli forces managed to capture East Jerusalem, including the Old City, a move that was met with international controversy and remains a point of contention in Israeli-Palestinian relations. Concurrently, Israel confronted Syrian forces in the Golan Heights, aiming to diminish the artillery threat from the high ground overlooking northern Israel.

By June 10, 1967, Israel had achieved a decisive victory, gaining control over significant territories. The rapid and strategic military campaign resulted in Israel occupying the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. This expansion significantly altered the geographical and political landscape of the Middle East. The war’s aftermath brought about a new phase in the Arab-Israeli conflict, with the occupied territories becoming central issues in the ongoing dispute. The UN Security Council later passed Resolution 242, calling for Israel to withdraw from the occupied territories, a directive that has shaped subsequent peace negotiations but remains unresolved.

The 1967 Six-Day War’s legacy continues to influence the geopolitics of the region. Israel’s aggressive strategy in the war and the consequent territorial expansions significantly impacted the lives of millions in the Middle East. The war not only reshaped Israel’s borders but also deepened the Arab-Israeli conflict, setting the stage for future confrontations and peace efforts. The consequences of the war, particularly regarding the status of the occupied territories and the Palestinian people, remain central to Middle Eastern politics and are a continual source of tension and negotiation in the international arena.